Anniealexandria

Extinct genus of lizards

Anniealexandria
Temporal range: Early Eocene
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Family: Bipedidae
Genus: Anniealexandria
Smith, 2009
Type species
Anniealexandria gansi
Smith, 2009

Anniealexandria is an extinct genus of amphisbaenian lizard known by the type species Anniealexandria gansi from the earliest Eocene of Wyoming. Anniealexandria is the only known member of the family Bipedidae in the fossil record, which otherwise only includes the extant genus Bipes from Mexico.[1] It was named in 2009 in honor of Annie Montague Alexander, founder of the University of California Museum of Paleontology. Remains of Anniealexandria are known only from a single fossil locality in the Bighorn Basin called Castle Gardens, but within the locality its fossils are common in the Willwood Formation, usually consisting of isolated jaw bones and vertebrae. Anniealexandria seems to have been a common component of a paleofauna that included fifteen other lizard species and existed in western North America during a period of global warming in the latest Paleocene and earliest Eocene.[2]

Below is a cladogram from Longrich et al. (2015) showing the phylogenetic relationships of Anniealexandria:[1]

Amphisbaenia

Rhineuridae

Chthonophis subterraneus

Oligodontosaurus spp.

Amphisbaeniformes

Blanidae

Anniealexandria gansi

Bipes spp.

References

  1. ^ a b Longrich, N. R.; Vinther, J.; Pyron, R. A.; Pisani, D.; Gauthier, J. A. (2015). "Biogeography of worm lizards (Amphisbaenia) driven by end-Cretaceous mass extinction". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 282 (1806): 20143034. doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.3034. PMC 4426617. PMID 25833855.
  2. ^ Smith, Krister T. (2009). "A new lizard assemblage from the earliest eocene (Zone Wa0) of the bighorn basin, wyoming, USA: Biogeography during the warmest interval of the cenozoic". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 7 (3): 299–358. Bibcode:2009JSPal...7..299S. doi:10.1017/S1477201909002752. S2CID 86158362.
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Extinct squamate genera
Acrodonta
Agamidae
Pleurodonta / Iguanoidea
Corytophanidae
Gobiguania
Iguanidae
Phrynosomatidae
Other extinct iguanians
Arretosauridae
  • Arretosaurus
  • Dornosaurus
  • Ergiliinsaurus
  • Khaichinguana
Priscagamidae
Armandisaurus explorator
Chamopsiidae
Gilmoreteiidae / "macrocephalosaurines"
"Polyglyphanodontines"
Other polyglyphanodontians
  • Adamisaurus
  • Funiusaurus
  • Gobinatus
  • Obamadon
  • Olindalacerta?
  • Paleochelco?
  • Peneteius
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  • Tijubina?
  • Tripennaculus
Scincogekkonomorpha
Scleroglossa
Gekkonomorpha
Gekkota
Stem Autarchoglossa
(Evansauria)
  • Parmeosaurus
  • Tepexisaurus
  • Tijubina?
Bainguidae?
Cordyloidea
  • Eocordyla
  • Ornatocephalus
  • Sakurasaurus
Lacertoidea
Amphisbaenia
  • Oligodontosaurus
  • Todrasaurus
Amphisbaenidae
Bipedidae
  • Anniealexandria
Blanidae
  • Blanosaurus
  • Cuvieribaena
  • Louisamphisbaena
Chthonophidae
Rhineuridae
Polyodontobaenidae
  • Polyodontobaena
Contogeniidae
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Lacertidae
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Teiidae
Barbatteiidae
Xantusiidae
Scincoidea
Scincidae
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Paramacellodidae
Basal anguimorphs
Mosasauroidea?
Neoanguimorpha
Carusioidea
Xenosauridae
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Anguidae
Anguinae
Diploglossinae
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Gerrhonotinae
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Glyptosaurinae
Paleoanguimorpha
Basal varanoids / platynotans
Shinisauria?
Goannasauria
Basal Goannasaurians
Varanoidea
Lanthanotidae
Varanidae
Other platynotans / varanoids
Aigialosaurus dalmaticus

Plioplatecarpus primaevus Estesia mongoliensis Telmasaurus grangeri

Varanus priscus
Indeterminate squamates
Taxon identifiers
Anniealexandria